Range (NM) = 1.25 x (√height station + √FL(ft)) FL(ft) = (Range(ft) / 1.25 - √height)^2
WCA = Wind Diff Angle x Wind Speed / TAS
RMI: RB = QDM(ADF pointer) - MH negative value + 360
Distance to DME = Altitude ft / 6000 (6000ft = 1 NM above DME)
Auf NDB zu -> relative bearing = 0° Von NDB weg -> relative bearing = 180°
Slant range = (time (ms) - 50) / 12,36
DMEdist ² = (dist_hor) ^ 2 + height ^ 2
Wave length = speed of light (300000km/s) / frequency (Hz)
Rate of Descent = GS x 5 (every 10kt in GS = 50ft/min)
1 : 60 Regel: 60 NM -> 1° = 1NM 100 NM -> 1.5 NM; 5NM in 100 NM = 3°
RMI bearing (compass) -> VAR/DEV -> true bearing
Max Radar Range Range = c / (2 x PRF) OR PRF = c / (2 * Range) c = 3 x 10^8 m/s for m or km c = 162.000 NM/s for NM
GS ILS glide slope out -> LOC (GS out) Headwind = cos(x°) x GS
T ISA = 15° - (FL/10) x 2 (-2° p. 1000ft, -0,65° p. 100m) 1hPa -> 27ft at MSL, 36ft at 10.000ft, 50ft at 18000ft, 15m (50ft) at 5500m
QFE from QNH, 27ft = 1hPa, QFE smaller QNH above MSL Temp > ISA -> QNH > QFF (below sea level inverted) QFE above MSL < QNH
Layer thickness = Δ height (ft) + (0,004 x Δ height (ft) x Δ temp (°C)) PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Δ QNH QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Δ temp TA (dangerous-Δ, instr. over read) H ->L-> T ->R-> H
PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Δ QNH QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Δ temp TA (dangerous-Δ, instr. over read)
H ->L-> T ->R-> H
ISA 700hPa = FL100 = -5°C ISA 500hPa = FL180 = -21°C ISA 300hPa = FL300 = -45°C
1000ft = 0,305km (ROT: /3 -10%) 1000m = 540NM, 1 km = 0.54NM
Wind 2000ft alt. Direction (veers) +30° Speed x2
t v -> p ^ (density lin. pressure neg. temp)
0° /h (= equator) 30°N - 7.5° /h to R (roughly 1/4) 45°N - 11°/10.5° /h to R 60°N - 13°/h to R 30°S - 7.5° /h to L Max 15°/h at north pole
I AS (indicated on airspeed indicator) Instrument and Position (absence CAS = IAS) C AS (Pt - Ps) Compression (>200kt) E AS + Density (fall in temp) T AS (increases with height)
