Formelsammlung fĂŒr Piloten
Die wichtigsten Faustformelnâ
Geschwindigkeitâ
Knoten in km/h: (Knoten x 2) â 10% = km/h
Höheâ
m -> ft | m * 3,28 | (m * 3) + 10% |
---|---|---|
ft -> m | ft / 3,28 | (ft / 3) â 10% |
15.000 = 4,75 km
Entfernung / Geschwindigkeitâ
km -> NM | km / 1,852 | (km / 2) + 10% |
---|---|---|
NM (kts) -> km (/h) | NM * 1,852 | (NM x 2) â 10% |
Sinkrate [in ft/min] fĂŒr 3° Std-Approachâ
GS [in kts] · 5
Liter -> US-Gal | Liter / 3,78 | (Liter / 4) + 5% |
---|---|---|
US-Gal -> Liter | US-Gal * 3,78 | (US-Gal * 4) - 5% |
92gal in 348 Liter (Volle Betaknung Cirrus SR22)
46gal in 174 Liter (To the tabs - Halbe Betankung Cirrus SR22)
Standardhöheâ
15°C @ MSL minus 2°C pro 1000ft Höhe ĂŒber MSL
Luftdruck MSL: 1013,25 hPa
Wolkenhöheâ
Wolkenhöhe (ft AGL) | Spread (in Kelvin) x 400 |
---|
Boden- und Höhenwindâ
500 m AGL: + 20° (bis 30°) (Winddrehung nach rechts), Wind nimmt um den Faktor 2 zu
1500 m AGL: + 30° (bis 40°) (Winddrehung nach rechts), Wind nimmt um den Faktor 3 zu
Stall Speed im Kurvenflugâ
Querneigung | 0° | 30° | 45° | 60° | 75° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Faktor | 1 | 1,1 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 2,0 |
## True Airspeed (TAS)
angezeigte Fahrt (IAS) plus 2% der Anzeige pro 1000 ft Höhe
Wichtige Formeln fĂŒr den Instrumentenflugâ
Range (NM) = 1.25 x (âheight station + âFL(ft)) FL(ft) = (Range(ft) / 1.25 - âheight)^2
WCA = Wind Diff Angle x Wind Speed / TAS
RMI: RB = QDM(ADF pointer) - MH negative value + 360
Distance to DME = Altitude ft / 6000 (6000ft = 1 NM above DME)
Auf NDB zu -> relative bearing = 0° Von NDB weg -> relative bearing = 180°
Slant range = (time (ms) - 50) / 12,36
DMEdist ÂČ = (dist_hor) ^ 2 + height ^ 2
Wave length = speed of light (300000km/s) / frequency (Hz)
Rate of Descent = GS x 5 (every 10kt in GS = 50ft/min)
1 : 60 Regel: 60 NM -> 1° = 1NM 100 NM -> 1.5 NM; 5NM in 100 NM = 3°
RMI bearing (compass) -> VAR/DEV -> true bearing
Max Radar Range Range = c / (2 x PRF) OR PRF = c / (2 * Range) c = 3 x 10^8 m/s for m or km c = 162.000 NM/s for NM
GS ILS glide slope out -> LOC (GS out) Headwind = cos(x°) x GS
T ISA = 15° - (FL/10) x 2 (-2° p. 1000ft, -0,65° p. 100m) 1hPa -> 27ft at MSL, 36ft at 10.000ft, 50ft at 18000ft, 15m (50ft) at 5500m
QFE from QNH, 27ft = 1hPa, QFE smaller QNH above MSL Temp > ISA -> QNH > QFF (below sea level inverted) QFE above MSL < QNH
Layer thickness = Î height (ft) + (0,004 x Î height (ft) x Î temp (°C)) PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Î QNH QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Î temp TA (dangerous-Î, instr. over read) H ->L-> T ->R-> H
PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Î QNH
QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Î temp
TA (dangerous-Î, instr. over read)
H ->L-> T ->R-> H
ISA 700hPa = FL100 = -5°C ISA 500hPa = FL180 = -21°C ISA 300hPa = FL300 = -45°C
1000ft = 0,305km (ROT: /3 -10%) 1000m = 540NM, 1 km = 0.54NM
Wind 2000ft alt. Direction (veers) +30° Speed x2
t v -> p ^ (density lin. pressure neg. temp)
0° /h (= equator) 30°N - 7.5° /h to R (roughly 1/4) 45°N - 11°/10.5° /h to R 60°N - 13°/h to R 30°S - 7.5° /h to L Max 15°/h at north pole
I AS (indicated on airspeed indicator)
Instrument and Position (absence CAS = IAS)
C AS (Pt - Ps)
Compression (>200kt)
E AS
- Density (fall in temp)
T AS (increases with height)