Zum Hauptinhalt springen

Formelsammlung fĂŒr Piloten

Die wichtigsten Faustformeln​

Geschwindigkeit​

Knoten in km/h: (Knoten x 2) – 10% = km/h

Höhe​

m -> ftm * 3,28(m * 3) + 10%
ft -> mft / 3,28(ft / 3) – 10%

15.000 = 4,75 km

Entfernung / Geschwindigkeit​

km -> NMkm / 1,852(km / 2) + 10%
NM (kts) -> km (/h)NM * 1,852(NM x 2) – 10%

Sinkrate [in ft/min] fĂŒr 3° Std-Approach​

GS [in kts] · 5

Liter -> US-GalLiter / 3,78(Liter / 4) + 5%
US-Gal -> LiterUS-Gal * 3,78(US-Gal * 4) - 5%

92gal in 348 Liter (Volle Betaknung Cirrus SR22)

46gal in 174 Liter (To the tabs - Halbe Betankung Cirrus SR22)

Standardhöhe​

15°C @ MSL minus 2°C pro 1000ft Höhe ĂŒber MSL

Luftdruck MSL: 1013,25 hPa

Wolkenhöhe​

Wolkenhöhe (ft AGL)Spread (in Kelvin) x 400

Boden- und Höhenwind​

500 m AGL: + 20° (bis 30°) (Winddrehung nach rechts), Wind nimmt um den Faktor 2 zu

1500 m AGL: + 30° (bis 40°) (Winddrehung nach rechts), Wind nimmt um den Faktor 3 zu

Stall Speed im Kurvenflug​

Querneigung0°30°45°60°75°
Faktor11,11,21,42,0

## True Airspeed (TAS)

angezeigte Fahrt (IAS) plus 2% der Anzeige pro 1000 ft Höhe

Wichtige Formeln fĂŒr den Instrumentenflug​

Range (NM) = 1.25 x (√height station + √FL(ft)) FL(ft) = (Range(ft) / 1.25 - √height)^2

WCA = Wind Diff Angle x Wind Speed / TAS

RMI: RB = QDM(ADF pointer) - MH negative value + 360

Distance to DME = Altitude ft / 6000 (6000ft = 1 NM above DME)

Auf NDB zu -> relative bearing = 0° Von NDB weg -> relative bearing = 180°

Slant range = (time (ms) - 50) / 12,36

DMEdist ÂČ = (dist_hor) ^ 2 + height ^ 2

Wave length = speed of light (300000km/s) / frequency (Hz)

Rate of Descent = GS x 5 (every 10kt in GS = 50ft/min)

1 : 60 Regel: 60 NM -> 1° = 1NM 100 NM -> 1.5 NM; 5NM in 100 NM = 3°

RMI bearing (compass) -> VAR/DEV -> true bearing

Max Radar Range Range = c / (2 x PRF) OR PRF = c / (2 * Range) c = 3 x 10^8 m/s for m or km c = 162.000 NM/s for NM

GS ILS glide slope out -> LOC (GS out) Headwind = cos(x°) x GS

T ISA = 15° - (FL/10) x 2 (-2° p. 1000ft, -0,65° p. 100m) 1hPa -> 27ft at MSL, 36ft at 10.000ft, 50ft at 18000ft, 15m (50ft) at 5500m

QFE from QNH, 27ft = 1hPa, QFE smaller QNH above MSL Temp > ISA -> QNH > QFF (below sea level inverted) QFE above MSL < QNH

Layer thickness = Δ height (ft) + (0,004 x Δ height (ft) x Δ temp (°C)) PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Δ QNH QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Δ temp TA (dangerous-Δ, instr. over read) H ->L-> T ->R-> H

PA (Altimeter to ISA) +Δ QNH

QNHA (Altimeter to QNH) +Δ temp

TA (dangerous-Δ, instr. over read)

H ->L-> T ->R-> H

ISA 700hPa = FL100 = -5°C ISA 500hPa = FL180 = -21°C ISA 300hPa = FL300 = -45°C

1000ft = 0,305km (ROT: /3 -10%) 1000m = 540NM, 1 km = 0.54NM

Wind 2000ft alt. Direction (veers) +30° Speed x2

t v -> p ^ (density lin. pressure neg. temp)

0° /h (= equator) 30°N - 7.5° /h to R (roughly 1/4) 45°N - 11°/10.5° /h to R 60°N - 13°/h to R 30°S - 7.5° /h to L Max 15°/h at north pole

I AS (indicated on airspeed indicator)

Instrument and Position (absence CAS = IAS)

C AS (Pt - Ps)

Compression (>200kt)

E AS

  • Density (fall in temp)

T AS (increases with height)